Clear cell sarcoma
Clinical features Fig 9a – Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney- Cords of polygonal cells. Remark the chicken wire vasculature (H&E) Immunocytochemistry Differential diagnosis Main points
Rhabdoid tumour
Clinical features Fig 7a (H&E) – Rhabdoid tumor- Round to polygonal rhabdoid dispersed cells in a background of necrosis. Eccentric nuclei with an intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion can be seen Immunocytochemistry Vimentin: positive (dot)Cytokeratin: positive (dot)EMA: positive Coexpression Desmin: rarely positiveCD99: positiveSynaptophysin: positive (variable)CD10:positiveMyogenin: negativeSmooth muscle actin: negativeCD56(NCAM): negativeCD57: negativeINI1: negative-loss of nuclear positivity (most other […]
Nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumour)
linical features Fig 4a – Wilms ‘tumor-Blastema cells- Loose small round cells with fine chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli a)-Giemsa- remark nuclei moulding , given the scarcity of cytoplasm Classically, a triphasic morphologic pattern may be present in differing proportions: Immunocytochemistry Genetic studies: Differential diagnosis Main points
Congenital mesoblastic nephroma
Clinical features Fig1- Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma- cohesive fragments o fibroblastic/myofibroblastic cells in a clear background (H&E) Attention is required regarding entrapped renal tubules of periphery, or even deeper situated in the tumour, which can acquire primitive appearance-(embryonal metaplasia-Fig 3). Entrapped tubules are EMA positive and CD56 (NCAM) negative. These antibodies are helpful in the distinction between mature […]
I – RENAL NEOPLASMS
I – RENAL NEOPLASMS
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION The approach to the cytological diagnostic of tumours and pseudotumoral lesions in paediatrics is based essentially on the use of fine-needle biopsy (FNB). Being an inexpensive low invasive technique with a high accuracy and diagnostic briefness FNB is regarded ideal to be applied in the paediatric setting and particularly in underdeveloped countries. Cytogenetic and […]
Malignant mixed tumor
The tumor is arising in a previously existed pleomorphic adenoma or theoretically it may start as a de novo malignant mixed tumor. This event is occurring in 5 -7 % of the mixed tumors, generally after having existed as such for more than 15 -20 years. The cells are malignant epithelial, myoepithelial cells admixed sometimes […]
Mammary like Secretory carcinoma of the Salivary Gland
This is a recently described entity which seems to be significantly more important and common as we have thought. The first description comes from A. Skalova: It is a mimic of acinic cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of clear cell type, usually the granules of the acinic cell carcinoma cells is missing. The until now described […]
External quality assurance (EQA) procedures
A certified regulatory body that is qualified to audit the laboratory can perform various forms of EQA. Technical EQA is a scheme in place where the laboratory has a nominated month to send a set of slides for staining evaluation. Screeners from other laboratories perform the evaluation blindly and a score is given. Laboratories that fail […]
Reporting the cytology
Sources of error Principles Reporting rates for high-grade cytology may be compared between pathologists for internal QA or, as a form of external QA between laboratories and regional or national standards. Considerable variation in high-grade reporting rates in nine laboratories, with an overall population of 1 million people, moved close to the target NHSCSP range […]