Myeloid metaplasia
Myeloid metaplasia Myeloid metaplasia may occur mainly in cases of myelofibrosis and myeloproliferative syndromes but may be observed in different pathological condictions such as lymphomas, previous infective diseases or after chemotherapies. The hallmark of this condition is the presence of megakaryocytes, which may be isolated or attached to PALS. Myeloid metaplasia causing diffuse splenomegaly […]
Granulomatous processes
Granulomatous processes Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis and other infective diseases may cause granulomatous lesions to the spleen. Hodgkin and non Hodgkin lymphoma and chemotherapy may be followed by granulomatous lesions which may cause equivocal clinical features. Epithelioid cells (left) and granulomatous structure in a hematic background in a splenomegaly developed in a NHL patient in remission. […]
Storage diseases
Storage diseases Splenic FNA of storage diseases showing numerous histiocytes with large, pale, bubbly cytoplasm, dispersed or attached to PALS edges. Cytoplasm is typically pinkish or with many small lipidic droplets.
Lymphomas
Lymphomas Hodgkin (HL) and non Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) may involve the spleen; HL and large cell NHL may determine nodular lesions as well as primary splenic NHL, which is generally a B- large cell NHL and presents with nodular lesions. Small cell NHL may present as diffuse or miliaric. Non invasive diagnostic procedures have drastically […]
Hodgkin lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma Spleen if frequently involved in advanced stages of HL giving a nodular presentation. Cytological criteria are almost the same of lymph nodes, whereas, in case of relapse, atypical mono and binucleated cells may be sufficient for the diagnosis.
Classification of splenomegalies
Disordes associated with splenomegaly INFECTIONS Non specific splenitis Mononucleosis Tuberculosis Brucellosis Malaria Histoplasmosis Leishmaniosi Echinococcosis CONGESTIVE STATES Cirrhosis Portal or splenic thrombosis Cardiac failure AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus STORAGE DISEASES Gaucher disease Niemann-Pick disease Mucopolysaccaridoses LYMPHOHEMATOGENOUS DISORDERS Hodgkins lymphoma Non-Hodgkin lymphomas Histiocytoses Multiple myeloma Myeloproliferative syndromes (CML, polycytemia vera, myelofibrosis, myeloid metaplasia) […]
Malignant hystiocytosis
Malignant hystiocytosis A monotonous proliferation of histiocytes with large, dense cytoplasm and occasional emperipolesis (arrow). Normal constiuent are completely absent. Despite the bland cytological features the disease may be subtle and aggressive.
Anatomy
The spleen is the organ that filters blood and is part of the immune system. It is found in the upper left quadrant of the human abdomen, and measures approximately 6 to 16 cm. in length in healthy adults. The organ is contained in a thin capsule from which thin fibrous trabeculae enter into the […]
Metastases
Metastases Splenic metastases are extremely rare mainly in the initial phases of the disease. Lung, breast, melanoma and colon tumours are the most frequently reported cases. Splenic metastasis from a lung carcinoma; groups of malignant epithelial cells, PALS, few dispersed lymphoid cells and a sheet of benign mesothelial cells transported by the needle.
Focal and diffuse splenomegalies and FNA
Focal and diffuse splenomegalies and FNA Focal Hodgkins lymphoma Large-cell, non-Hodgkins lymphomas Primary neoplasms and cysts Metastases Tuberculosis Miliary or diffuse Infections Congestive splenomegaly Autoimmune diseses Small-cell, non-Hodgkin lymphomas Histiocytoses Multiple myeloma Myeloproliferative syndromes Leukemias Hemolitic anemias Amyloidosis Fine needle cytology FNC has to be performed using 23-25 gauge needle; the sub-costal approach is […]