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Caratteristiche citologiche e morfologiche della CIN

CIN 1 (mild dysplasia): Note undifferentiated cells occupy lower third of the epithelium after which they start to differentiate so that the epithelial cells in the upper two thirds appear to have more cytoplasm and smaller (but abnormal) nuclei. Mitoses are rare.
CIN 2 (Moderate dysplasia): Note undifferentiated cells occupy two thirds of the epithelium after which they start to differentiate so that the epithelial cells in the upper two thirds appear to have more cytoplasm and smaller (but abnormal) nuclei. Mitoses are confined to the lower two thirds of the epithelium
CIN 3 (carcinoma in situ): Undifferentiated neoplastic cells occupy the full thickness of the epithelium. Mitoses including abnormal mitoses can be seen throughout. Note that intraepithelial cancers the basement membrane is in tact and the stroma is not invaded by tumour cells.

 

Le cellule atipiche ritrovate nello striscio derivano dalla superficie dei focolai di CIN. Le cellule atipiche possono essere singole in lembi o in foglietti. Possono essere riconosciute rispetto alle cellule normali per le seguenti caratteristiche:

Le caratteristiche morfologiche delle cellule presenti nei foci di neoplasia intraepiteliale cervicale presenti in uno striscio cervicale sono:

  1. Irregolare ingrandimento nucleare che porta ad un aumento del rapporto nucleo/citoplasma.
  2. Variazione nella forma e nel volume nucleare.
  3. Irregolartià nel profilo della membrana nucleare.
  4. Ipercromasia del nucleo e pattern atipico della cromatina
  5. Nuclei grandi, irregolari ed a volte multipli (non presenti in CIN1)
  6. Il grado della CIN (CIN 1, 2 o 3) può essere dedotto dal grado di ingrandimento nucleare e dall’alterazione del rapporto nucleo/citoplasma.

Le tre Tavole ingrandibili sottostanti descrivono e illustrano con serie di diapositive le caratteristiche citologiche e i differenti gradi dellaCIN

Cytological diagnosis of CIN1 (encompassing LSIL and mild dysplasia)

The Bethesda System definition of CIN 1 (LSIL, mild dysplasia)

*The WHO cytological definition of CIN 1 requires that the nucleus occupies less than one half the area of the cell.

CIN 1 (LSIL) Note slight nuclear enlargement and abundant cytoplasm. Nuclei vary in size and shape.
CIN 1 (LSIL) Slight nuclear enlargement and abundant cytoplasm. Nuclei vary in size and shape. Note highly keratinised cytoplasm suggestive of HPV infection although koilocytes are not shown in this field.
CIN 1 (LSIL) Note slight nuclear enlargement and abundant cytoplasm. Nuclei vary in size and shape.
CIN 1 (LSIL) Slight nuclear enlargement and abundant cytoplasm. Nuclei vary in size and shape. Note koilocytotic atypia
CIN 1 (LSIL) Note slight nuclear enlargement and abundant cytoplasm. Nuclei vary in size and shape.

 

The Bethesda System definition of CIN 2 (HSIL)

The Bethesda System definition of CIN 2 (HSIL)

*The WHO cytological definition of CIN 1 requires that the nucleus occupies between one half and two thirds the area of the cell.

CIN 2 (HSIL) The nucleus occupies more then one half the area of the cell and are hyperchromatic and vary in size and shape.
CIN 2 (HSIL) The nucleus occupies more then one half the area of the cell and are hyperchromatic and vary in size and shape.
CIN 2 (HSIL) The nucleus occupies more then one half the area of the cell and are hyperchromatic and vary in size and shape.
CIN 2 (HSIL) The nucleus occupies more then one half the area of the cell and are hyperchromatic and vary in size and shape.
CIN 2 (HSIL) The nucleus occupies more then one half the area of the cell and are hyperchromatic and vary in size and shape.
CIN 2 (HSIL) The nucleus occupies more then one half the area of the cell and are hyperchromatic and vary in size and shape.
CIN 2 (HSIL) The nucleus occupies more then one half the area of the cell and are hyperchromatic and vary in size and shape.

 

Cytological diagnosis of CIN3 (encompassing HSIL, severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ)

The Bethesda System definition CIN 3 (HSIL)

*The WHO cytological definition of CIN 3 requires that the nucleus occupies more than two thirds of the area of the cell.

CIN 3 (HSIL) The nucleus occupies more then two thirds of the area of the cell. Note variation in nuclear size and shape and increased and irregular chromatin distribution. There is a loss of polarity in this cluster and cells are overlapping.
CIN 3 (HSIL) The nucleus occupies more then two thirds of the area of the cell. Note variation in nuclear size and shape and increased and irregular chromatin distribution.
CIN 3 (HSIL) The nucleus occupies more then two thirds of the area of the cell. Note variation in nuclear size and shape and increased and irregular chromatin distribution.
CIN 3 (HSIL) The nuclei occupy more then two thirds of the area of the cell. Note variation in nuclear size and shape and increased and irregular chromatin distribution in this dense cluster of cells.
CIN 3 (HSIL) Two very large bare hyperchromatic nuclei are seen in this smear. They vary in size and shape and suggest the presence of a focus of CIN 3